287(g) Agreements

Section 287(g) — often called “287(g) agreements” — is a federal program that allows state and local law enforcement agencies to partner with federal immigration authorities. Created in 1996 under the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act, the program lets certain local officers be trained and authorized to carry out specific immigration enforcement functions under the supervision of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

Participation in 287(g) is voluntary under federal law, but some states have passed laws requiring local agencies to sign agreements. These agreements can allow local officers to check immigration status, issue immigration detainers, or transfer people in local custody to federal immigration authorities. Depending on the model used, some deputized officers may also question or arrest people they believe have violated immigration law.

Supporters say 287(g) agreements help with immigration enforcement and public safety. Opponents have pointed to research and past experience showing the program can be costly for local governments and divert law enforcement resources from core public safety duties. Studies have also linked 287(g) programs to racial profiling concerns and strained relationships between police and the communities they serve.

In Oklahoma, more than 30 agencies already participate in 287(g) programs (as of February 2026), and state actions have encouraged additional agreements. As discussions continue in Oklahoma, critics argue the program’s track record suggests significant trade-offs for public safety, community trust, and state resources.