A joint resolution is a resolution passed by both houses of the legislature which, if signed by the Governor, has the force and effect of law. Some Oklahoma case law suggests that joint resolutions may only be used for temporary laws and not for permanent laws. Joint resolutions which are not signed by the Governor are also used to propose amendments to the Oklahoma Constitution or to ratify amendments to the United States Constitution [Adapted from Oklahoma State Senate Legislative Terms]. Most joint resolutions are intended either to initiate legislative referenda or to disapprove administrative rules.