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Elizabeth McNichol is a Senior Fellow at the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities specializing in state fiscal issues including methods of examining state budget processes and long-term structural reform of state budget and tax systems. This post originally appeared on the CBPP’s blog. See OK Policy’s animated video comparing the Oklahoma and Texas economies here.
The Governor of Oklahoma and policymakers in Kansas, Missouri, and other states have proposed income tax cuts that they say will boost economic growth. To make their case, they have cited the example of Texas, which has no income tax and where growth has been strong.
But in reality, Texas is not a helpful model for economic growth for the rest of the country. True, the number of people and jobs in Texas has been expanding. But, as we discuss in our recent paper, much of Texas’ growth results not from its policies but rather from factors that state officials cannot control and that other states cannot emulate.
- Texas has unique geographic and demographic characteristics that have helped lift its economy in recent years. Its border location brings trade opportunities and encourages immigration that, together, help fuel population and job growth.
- A combination of available land and lending regulations have kept housing prices comparatively low and helped Texas avoid the real estate depression that dragged down many other state economies.
- Though Texas’ economy has diversified in recent decades, the state’s abundant oil and gas resources remain a valuable asset — especially when prices for those commodities are high — that most other states lack.
And not everything is rosy in Texas. For instance, Texas has lots of low-wage jobs and lots of poverty. In 2011, close to one in ten Texas hourly-wage workers were paid at or below the minimum wage — well above the U.S. average of six percent. One-quarter of people in Texas lack health insurance — well above the national average of 16.3 percent. And, in part because wages are low, a large share of Texans are poor. In 2010, 18.4 percent of Texas families lived in poverty. Some 15.7 million children (22 percent) of Texas children lived in poverty.
Even if it were possible for other states to replicate these features, the fact that so many Texans have not benefited from the state’s economic growth makes Texas a dubious model for the nation.
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